Bile Duct Cancer and Treatments
Bile Duct Cancer Has a Very Low Survival Rate
Bile duct cancer remains undiagnosed. It does not show symptoms at the early stages, often remains
undiagnosed, leading to an incurable advanced stage.
At an advanced stage, surgical removal of the bile duct tumor becomes difficult or impossible due to its aggressive nature, as it rapidly spreads to different organs.
Bile Duct Cancer?
Bile duct cancer is an aggressive cancer in the biliary duct system. It rapidly spreads to the bile duct in the liver.
Bile Duct Cancer Types
- • Intrahepatic Bile duct cancer – biliary duct cancer in the liver.
- • Hilar bile duct cancer – it is the cancer at the junction of the bile duct, which passes out of the liver.
- • Extrahepatic bile duct cancer – cancer of the bile duct lying near the intestine or the pancreas.
Effects of Bile Duct Cancer on the Liver
- • Bile duct tumor – It stops the flow of bile and causes bile retention in the liver.
- • Impaired digestion – Lack of digestive juices in the intestine, without bile reaching the intestine, causes malabsorption and indigestion.
- • Toxicity – The bile juice accumulates liver toxins, and its retention in the liver causes toxicity.
- • Liver damage – Accumulated bilirubin and the toxic juice cause inflammation and damage to the liver cells.
Bile Duct Cancer Symptoms
- • Jaundice – yellowing of the skin and eyes
- • Itchy skin and rashes
- • Dark urine
- • Pale stools
- • Abdominal pain
- • Weight loss
- • Loss of appetite
The Increasing Risk Factors for Bile Duct Cancer
- • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
- • Bile duct infections
- • Recurrent bile stones
- • Chronic Liver Diseases
- • Age and genetic factors
- • Smoking
- • Diabetes
Anticancer Treatment for Bile Duct Cancer
- • Surgery
- • Liver transplant
- • Chemotherapy
- • Radiation therapy
- • Immunotherapy
- • Targeted drug therapy
- • Biliary drainage
- • Photodynamic therapy
Chemotherapy in Bile Duct Cancer
The drugs that inhibit cancer cell growth, proliferation, and division.
Chemotherapy is used in bile duct cancer –
- • Neoadjuvant therapy (Before surgery) – It is used to shrink the tumor and facilitate its removal.
- • Adjuvant therapy (After surgery) – to prevent cancer from coming back, it kills the cancer cells missed during the treatment or lowers the risk of cancer cell proliferation.
- • Combined therapy with other treatments – it is used as an adjuvant with immunotherapy or other targeted therapy to prevent its spread to other parts of the body.
- • Palliative care – It is used to slow down tumor progression or to shrink tumors in advanced-stage cancers to relieve cancer-caused symptoms.
The Common Anticancer Medicines Used in Bile Duct Cancer
- • Gemicitabine – Apragem
- • Cisplatin – Cycokast
- • Capecitabine – Capekast
- • Oxaliplatin – Oxazer
- • 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
- • Leucoverin – Leucokast-50
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