Thalassemia – Extending Beyond Its Regions

Thalassemia, known to be rare and inherited.

The number of cases is rapidly rising globally.

The countries of the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean are called the “thalassemia belt”.

India, Thailand, etc., have the highest prevalence.

Europe and America no longer remain behind due to global migration and genetic exchange.

What is Thalassemia? 

It is a disorder of the blood.

In this, the body declines to produce hemoglobin.

What are the causes of the rise in Thalassemia?

Inheritance of the defective gene- 

It is the inheritance of a defective gene from the parents.

Genetic mutation –

It is in regions of malaria prevalence.

The gene gets mutated. It is a natural occurrence to prevent malaria.

Migration –

The migration to new places has led to the transfer of genetic factors.

Internal family marriages – 

The culture of marrying close family members.

Both parents have similar genes.

The Rapidly Rising Thalassemia Can Be Curbed Through Informed Decisions

 Genetic counseling and understanding the family history help identify new cases.

Thalassemia is an inherited disorder. The severity of the disease can be identified by genetic testing of the fetus.

Parents can make an informed decision about pregnancy-

• Use other methods through IVF
• It helps with early treatment

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The Types of Thalassemia- 

• Alpha thalassemia
• Beta thalassemia

Thalassemia symptoms- 

It can be asymptomatic.

It can show mild to moderate symptoms.

• Anemia
• Fatigue
• Yellowish skin
• Difficulty in breathing
• Dizziness
• Fast heartbeat

In severe cases –

• Jaundice
• Inhibits growth in children
• Bone defects
• Swelling in the stomach
• delayed puberty
• enlarged spleen

What complications are caused by Thalassemia? 

• Iron overload – Due to blood transfusion
• Severe anemia – reduced hemoglobin
• Enlarged spleen – compensatory effect of the body

Treatment for Thalassemia –

• Blood Transfusion – 

It is the external administration of blood into the body.

• Iron chelation- 

It is the condition in which excess iron is removed through chelation.

• Stem cell therapy-

The faulty blood cells are replaced with the healthy ones.

The new blood cells are produced.

Conclusion – 

Though inherited, Thalassemia cases can be reduced through genetic awareness.