Childhood Cancer – Types and the Main Treatment

Childhood cancers are increasingly on the rise. The delay in diagnosis is the major reason.

The different types of cancers in children include –

• Blood cancer

• Bone cancer

• Spinal cord cancer

• Other tumors

Chemotherapy forms an essential part of the treatment.

It is highly effective and has better outcomes.

Children can tolerate strong and intensive chemotherapy cycles.

They show faster recovery, which significantly increases the chances of cancer remission and longer survival.

What is Childhood Cancer?

The cancers that occur at a young age.

• Pediatric cancer (0-14 years)

• Adolescent cancer (15 -19 years)

The Difference Between Childhood Cancers From Adult Cancers

It is different from adult cancers.

Adult cancers can be caused by lifestyle or other environmental factors.

Childhood cancers have a genetic origin or some other biological factors.

These cancers are often treatable at the early stages.

What is leukemia?

It is a common type of cancer. It occurs in children below 15 years of age.

It is a white blood cell cancer. The WBCs are produced in excess in the bone marrow.

The white blood cells produced in excess crowd the bone marrow.

It hinders the production of red blood cells and platelets.

The Types of Leukemia –

• Lymphocytic leukemia

• Myeloid leukemia

• Myeloblastic leukemia

The Commonly Used Anticancer Medicines in Leukemia –

Trexager 50 mg (Methotrexate injection)

Cytarzer 1000 mg (Cytarabine injection)

Dorucin 50mg (Doxorubicin injection)

What is Lymphoma?

It is cancer in the lymph nodes/lymphoid system.

It is the excess formation of WBC.

It occurs in lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen.

It includes –

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

• Hodgkin lymphoma

The Commonly Used Anticancer Medicines in Lymphoma –

Cyclophosphamide injection

Doxorubicin injection – Dorucin 50

Bleomycin injection – Bleokey

What are Brain Tumors?

It is the second common childhood cancer.

It is the excess growth of glial cells in the brain.

It consists of –

• Astrocytomas

• Ependymomas

• Optic nerve gliomas

• Embryonal Tumors

The Drugs include-

Carbokast 450 mg – Carboplatin injection

Trexager 50 mg – Methotrexate injection

Temzokey 500 mg – Temozolomide capsules

What are Spinal Cord Tumors?

It is the abnormal cell growth in the spinal cord tissue.

It includes –

• Intramedullary tumors

• Intradural tumors

• Extradural tumors

What are Solid Tumors?

It is excess mass growth in tissues or organs.

It includes tumors in the vital organs-

• Bone tumor

• Brain tumor

• Kidney tumor

• Tumor in the eye

• Skeletal muscle tumor

Symptoms of Childhood Cancers-

• Unexplained weight loss

• Chronic pain

• Tiredness

• Lumps or swelling

• Frequent bleeding and bruising

• Severe headache

• Changes in mood

• Digestive issue

• Loss of appetite

• Changes in vision

• Enlarged lymph nodes

The Treatments for Childhood Cancer

Chemotherapy – It forms an important part of the treatment for childhood cancers.

It is given in cycles. It targets the rapidly dividing cells.

It is given before surgery to shrink the tumor.

It is given as adjuvant therapy after surgery.

It can also be given as maintenance therapy.

Surgery is done to remove the tumor.

Radiation therapy is done to reduce the tumor size. It can be done before/after surgery.

Immunotherapy – Antibodies are used to destroy cancer cells.

Stem cell transplant – In this, bone marrow cells are replaced with healthy stem cells.

It then produces new normal blood cells.

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