Fallopian Tube Cancer – Treatment and Affordable Medicines
Fallopian tubes play a crucial role in female fertilization. It is the duct where conception or pregnancy takes place.
What is the Fallopian Tube?
It is a pair of tubes that lie between the ovaries and the uterus, connecting both the organs.
What is the Use of the Fallopian Tube?
It is a female reproductive part. It has the following functions –
- • Egg transportation – the fallopian tubes aid in the transportation of eggs from the ovary to the uterus
- • Fertilization – it is the duct where eggs are fertilized by sperm
- • Embryo transport – after fertilization, the fertilized egg is transported to the uterus
What is Fallopian Tube Cancer?
Fallopian tube cancer is the cancer of the internal cells (epithelial) of the fallopian duct. Its symptoms resemble ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer, causing a delay in diagnosis.
What are the Types of Fallopian Tube Cancer?
The fallopian tube cancer occurs in the epithelial layer of the ducts. The epithelial cancer is of various types –
- • Serous cancer – Classified as low grade or high grade, which is highly aggressive. It is mostly associated with BRCA gene mutations.
- • Clear cell cancer – A rare type of cancer that originates from the cells forming reproductive organs.
- • Endometrioid cancer – A hormone-positive cancer that is sensitive to hormone therapy.
Risk Factors for Fallopian Tube Cancer
- • Increasing age – women after menopause are at risk of cancer
- • Mutated genes – The inherited mutated BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes increase the risk of reproductive cancer.
- • Family history – A family member with cancer
- • Lack of pregnancy – A high number of ovulation cycles occur in women who do not have a pregnancy, which increases the risk of mutation during the ovulation process.
- • Obesity – A high amount of fat produces a large amount of estrogen, increasing the risk of cancer of the reproductive system.
- • Early menstruation – The early menarche increases the risk of developing hormone-sensitive tumors due to high levels of estrogen secretion.
- • Late menopause – Long–time menstrual cycle causes an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone due to long-term secretion of estrogen, increasing the risk of cancer.
Symptoms of Fallopian Tube Cancer
- • Abdominal pain
- • Pelvic pain or mass
- • Nausea
- • Loss of weight
- • Constipation or diarrhea
- • Frequent urination
- • Abnormal periods
- • Unusual vaginal discharge
- • Pain in the back
The Treatment Options for Fallopian Tube Cancer
Surgery
It is an invasive treatment that involves removing the fallopian tube. If the cancer extends to other parts, it also includes the removal of the ovaries and uterus. Removal of the ovaries prevents cancer recurrence.
Chemotherapy
The anticancer medicines are used in combination to shrink the tumor and to control cancer symptoms in advanced-stage cancer.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is widely used to target cancer cells.
The widely prescribed targeted therapy drug for fallopian tube cancer –
- • Olabir (Olaparib) – It targets BRCA-mutated genes.
Immunotherapy
It is the use of drugs to enhance the immune system to recognize and attack the cancer cells naturally.
Anticancer Medicines Used in Fallopian Tube Cancer
Platinum-based cancer drugs are the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. These form an adduct by cross-linking DNA, causing cell death.
- • Cycokast (Cisplatin) – first generation with strong cytotoxic activity.
- • Carbokast (Carboplatin) – it offers fewer side effects and is better tolerated.
Taxanes
They inhibit the separation of DNA strands during the cell cycle. highly used in recurrent or platinum-resistant cancers.
- • Nab paclitaxel (Paclitaxel)
- • Docekast (Docetaxel)
Hormone Therapy drugs for Hormone-Sensitive Fallopian Tumors
These drugs work by lowering estrogen levels and are highly effective in low-grade serous cancers
- • Letrozole (Letrozole)
- • Anzakast (Anastrozole)
- • Tamoxifen
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