Know the Cancer Type and Its Treatment – Breast Cancer

Hormone cancer is a highly prevalent cancer that constitutes about 60 percent of the breast cancers.
and its treatment requires hormonal therapies.

However, inflammatory breast cancer is the rarest form and requires treatment by a combination of
therapies.

Understanding the types of breast cancer becomes crucial to unravel the best treatments.

Types of Breast Cancer

HER-2 Positive Cancer

Next comes HER2-positive cancer, which means excessive HER-2 genes, relying on estrogen and progesterone to grow. HER-2 is Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor-2, which helps breast cell growth and repair. Treatment involves both HER2-targeted therapy and hormone therapy.

HER-2 Negative Cancer

HER-2 negative cancer produces excessive HER-2 gene but does not depend upon estrogen or progesterone; treatment involves a targeted therapy approach.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

It is a type of cancer that does not depend on hormone secretion. The treatment required a combined therapy – chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and targeted therapy.

Metastasis of Breast Cancer

The cancer is spreading to different parts.

Breast Cancer caused by Inflammation

It’s the rarest cancer, highly aggressive, having symptoms like redness, flare, and does not cause the formation of a lump. Treatment focuses on combination therapy, including antibody-drug conjugates.

Types of Breast Cancer Treatments

Targeted Therapy used in Breast Cancer

It involves targeting the cancer cells, causing minimal harm to the normal cells.

• • CDK4/6 protein inhibitors – Used in HER-2 negative cancers to inhibit the cancer cell cycle.
• • HER2 inhibitor drugs – Used for hormone-dependent cancers like HER-2 positive cancers.
• • Multi-kinase inhibitor – Used in combined therapies to treat advanced or early-stage cancers.

Hormonal Drug Therapy for Breast Cancer

Hormonal therapy inhibits the secretion of hormones. It blocks estrogen (female hormone), prevents tumor growth, and also causes shrinkage of the tumor to shrink.

• • Aromatase inhibitor – This enzyme converts androgens to estrogens. Blocking the aromatase enzyme significantly lowers the estrogen expression.
  It’s highly effective for women after the post menopause.
• • Selective estrogen receptor inhibitor (SERD) – Stops estrogen secretion.
• • Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone propagator – LHRH alters this ovarian function, thus reducing estrogen secretion.
  It produces high results in pre-menopausal women.

Immunotherapy

Immune therapy improves the immune system, reduces cancer.

• • Checkpoint inhibitors – They reactivate the immune system and are used in triple-negative breast cancer.
• • Monoclonal Antibodies – These produce antibodies against cancer.
• • Genetically modified T cells
• • Antibody-Drug Conjugates – The antibodies are abreast with cytotoxic drugs, like microtubule inhibitors, to kill cancer cells.

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